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Chapter 173 Heroes of the Late Ming Dynasty 2

After the fall of Jiangnan, Zheng Zhilong immediately supported Zhu Youjian, the Prince of Tang, as the emperor in Fujian, known in history as the Longwu Emperor. Zhu Youjian was the 23rd son of Zhu Yuanzhang and a descendant of Zhu Di. He was very distantly related to his brother's wife. Therefore, it was difficult for him to convince the public in terms of patriarchal system, and conflicts with Zhu Yihai, the Prince of Lu, continued to occur.

Zheng Chenggong was passionate about serving his country and vowed to restore the land of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Longwu admired him very much. A woman from the Western Wu Dynasty married Qingqing, and they were not homeless, so they were also given the name Zhu Chenggong. Zhu was the surname of the Ming Dynasty, so the people respectfully called him "Guo Xing Ye".

Zheng Zhilong only wanted to establish his own regime in Fujian, while Emperor Longwu was determined to conquer the north. This disagreement also led to Zheng Zhilong's dissatisfaction with Emperor Longwu. It happened that Hong Chengchou sent someone to promise Zheng Zhilong a high position and generous salary, so Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.

Soon after Deng Chenggong led his troops away, the Qing army attacked Zheng Chenggong's hometown, Nan'an. Zheng Chenggong's mother, Tian Chuan Song, committed suicide, which greatly stimulated Zheng Chenggong and made him more determined to resist the Qing.

In 1646, the Longwu Emperor was finally killed, and the Longwu court officials supported Zhu Youjian to flee. Zhu Youjian ascended the throne as the Shaowu Emperor, and the Gui Wang Zhu Youlang also ascended the throne in Guangdong. He was the grandson of the Ming Shenzong and was known as the Yongli Emperor.

The Southern Ming dynasty fell into internal strife again. A month later, Emperor Shaowu was killed and Emperor Yongli became the emperor recognized by the Southern Ming dynasty's Yichen clan. In 1649, Zheng Chenggong recognized Yongli as the legitimate heir and was named Prince of Yanping by the Yongli court.

Zheng Chenggong led his army to fight against the Qing army in Fujian, integrating the forces of Zheng Chenggong and the remnants of Lu Jianguo, and his strength grew day by day. The Qing Dynasty tried to recruit Zheng Chenggong, but Zheng Chenggong deliberately offered a high price to delay time.

In 1655, the Qing army finally realized that they had been fooled by Zheng Chenggong. They were furious and sent 3 troops to attack Menxia, ​​but were defeated by Zheng Chenggong. Although Zheng Chenggong had been fighting in Fujian, he had never forgotten his original intention of the Northern Expedition.

He sent Zhang Mingzhen and Chen Hui to the Yangtze River to offer sacrifices to the Xiaoling Mausoleum in 1653 and 1654. In 1658, Zheng Chenggong saw that the main force of the Qing army was concentrated in the southwest to besiege Li Dingguo, so he led his army to eastern Zhejiang to join forces with Zhang Huangyan to prepare for the Northern Expedition.

However, due to the heavy losses caused by the hurricane, Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan joined forces again in the Northern Expedition the following year, conquering cities and strongholds along the way. It took only three months to reach the city of Nanjing, but they did not attack the city, but instead took over the surrounding prefectures and counties.

A dozen days later, Qing reinforcements arrived and Zheng Chenggong was defeated. He had no choice but to retreat and also gave up the cities in the south of the Yangtze River that he had previously occupied.

Zheng Chenggong was seriously injured and there were problems with the supply of food and fodder. In order to find a more suitable base for anti-Qing resistance, Zheng Chenggong was determined to retake Taiwan occupied by the Dutch.

In 1661, Zheng Chenggong led his army to Taiwan Island after a difficult crossing of the sea in the face of strong winds and heavy rains. At that time, in addition to the indigenous Gaoshan people, there were also Han people who were migrated to Taiwan from Fujian by Zheng Zhilong. They had suffered from the oppression of the Dutch colonists and were very happy to see Zheng Chenggong coming.

The Dutch thought that the Chinese would flee in panic as soon as they heard the sound of gunfire, but they were beaten badly by Zheng Chenggong. The Dutch tried to negotiate with Zheng Chenggong, but Zheng Chenggong refused. Taiwan is Chinese territory. The Dutch could stay there temporarily when the Chinese did not need it. Now that the Chinese have come, the Dutch should return it to China.

Zheng Chenggong then broke through the Fort Provença built by the Dutch and surrounded the Dutch base camp Fort Zeelandia. The Dutch sent more troops to Zhiyuan to engage in a fierce battle with Zheng's army. The war ended with the defeat of the Dutch. The Dutch army was in chaos. Seeing that the situation was hopeless, the Dutch had no choice but to negotiate with Zheng Chenggong.

On February 1662, 2, the Netherlands signed a document of surrender and withdrew from Taiwan. The Dutch, known as the "Coachman of the Sea", were driven away by Zheng Chenggong, ending their 1-year colonial rule in Taiwan.

During the war between Zheng Chenggong and the Dutch, his father Zheng Zhilong was executed by the Qing Dynasty, and Zheng Chenggong was exhausted. After driving away the Dutch, the tragic news of the murder of Emperor Yongli and the scandal of his son Zheng Jing's incest with his wet nurse came one after another.

Soon, Zheng Chenggong died of a sudden illness at the age of 39. Before his death, Zheng Chenggong ordered the execution of his wife and children, but no one dared to execute it. Zheng Chenggong scratched his face with his hands and died with hatred.

——"I don't understand. Zheng Chenggong has become a national hero?"

——"He is clearly a warlord. It is more appropriate to call Li Dingguo a national hero."

——"Nan Ming, originally there was still a chance, but it's a pity that they just love internal fighting. I really admire them."

[Understand in one breath, the life of Li Zicheng, the King of Rebellion who swept across the Ming Dynasty, the history of the Ming Dynasty Li Zicheng]

Li Zicheng, an ordinary man who lost his job due to lost official documents, was betrayed by his wife, and lived in debt, eventually forced Emperor Chongzhen to hang himself on Coal Hill. However, he was forced out of the north of Beijing by Wu Sangui and the Qing army after only one day as emperor, and eventually died tragically at the hands of the peasants.

He is Li Zicheng, the King of Rebellion. So, is Li Zicheng a national sinner? Why did Li Zicheng, who swept across the Ming Dynasty, lose to the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty? This video allows us to take a look at Li Zicheng's life in one breath.

Li Zicheng's ancestral home is in Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province. There is a place called Li Jiqian Village in Dianshi Town, which is also called Lijiazhai by the locals. Li Zicheng was born here in 1606.

The villagers have passed down from generation to generation that they are descendants of Li Jiqian, a Tangut from the Western Xia Dynasty. According to imperial records, when Li Zicheng was born, his father dreamed of a man in yellow clothes walking into a kiln, so he nicknamed him Huang Laier.

During the reign of Emperor Tianqi of the Ming Dynasty, famines occurred in northern Shaanxi for many years, but the government did not reduce the taxes it collected from the people, and every household was in great difficulty. The young Li Zicheng had no choice but to be sent to a temple to become a monk, named Huang Laiseng.

Soon after, Li Zicheng's parents died one after another. In 1626, Li Zicheng, who had no one to rely on, was recruited to work as a postman at Yinchuan Post Station. However, as Emperor Sizong Zhu Youjian of the Ming Dynasty reformed the post station, Li Zicheng was sent back home because of the loss of official documents and lived in debt. As a result, he was sued by his creditors to the Mizhi County Government, and the county magistrate sentenced him to death.

Soon after Li Zicheng was rescued by his relatives and friends, he killed his creditor. Then Li Zicheng discovered that his wife Tan had committed adultery with a man named Gai Hu in the village, so he killed her. With two lives on his hands, the government had to investigate, so Li Zicheng had no choice but to flee to Ganzhou, Gansu to join the army.

At that time, life in the barracks was also very difficult. Officers were corrupt and withheld military pay, and soldiers often went hungry and cold. After the large-scale southward march, the capital was in a tight spot. In order to protect the north of Beijing, the court urgently dispatched troops from all over the country to defend the north of Beijing. The Gansu border soldiers Li Zicheng's troops also joined the kingdom and marched towards the capital.

Because Wang Guo withheld military pay, the soldiers killed Lieutenant General Wang Guo and local military police in prison and launched a mutiny. After taking an oath, Li Zicheng moved to Hanzhong and joined Wang Zuogua's peasant army.

However, as General Yuan Chonghuan was executed by slow slicing by Emperor Chongzhen, BJ was shocked by the first invasion of the Later Jin Dynasty into the Great Wall and had to surrender Wang Zuogua. Li Zicheng then switched to Zhang Cunmeng and served as captain.

A year later, Zhang Cunmeng was defeated and surrendered in northern Shaanxi. Hong Chengchou of the Ming Dynasty officially took over as the governor-general of the three borders. Li Zicheng then led his troops across the Yellow River to Shanxi to join his uncle, King Chuang Gao Yingxiang, and called himself General Chuang.

In 1635, after Hong Chengchou was appointed governor-general of five provinces, he began to encircle and suppress the peasant army. Gao Yingxiang, Zhang Xianzhong and 13 insurgents from 72 armies convened the Xingyang Conference in Xingyang, Henan. Li Zicheng proposed a strategic policy of dividing the troops and attacking in four directions.

After the meeting, Li Zicheng, Gao Yingxiang and Zhang Xianzhong captured Fengyang in Southern Zhili, destroyed the ancestral tombs of the royal family, burned down the Huangjue Temple where Zhu Yuanzhang had once become a monk, killed more than 60 officials, and captured the defending general Zhu Guoxiang during the battle.

However, Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong had a feud over the captured young eunuchs and drum and wind instruments in the Fengyang Palace. Since then, Li Zicheng separated and went west to Gansu.

In 1636, Gao Yingxiang was defeated and captured in Heishui Valley. The remnants of Gao Yingxiang also surrendered to Li Zicheng. Li Zicheng was elected as the new King of Rebellion and continued to fight in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Gansu, and western Shaanxi.

A year later, the Ming Dynasty proposed the strategy of setting up a net in four directions, six corners and ten directions to restrict the mobility of the peasant army and to defeat them one by one. Zhang Xianzhong was defeated and captured, and Li Zicheng was ambushed by Hong Chengchou and Sun Chuanting in Weinan and was defeated. He had to flee to the Shangluo Mountains in southeastern Shaanxi with his remaining 17 men.

In 1639, Zhang Xianzhong rebelled against the Ming Dynasty again, and Li Zicheng led thousands of troops to fight his way out from the Shangluo Mountains. Taking advantage of the opportunity when the main force of the Ming army was chasing Zhang Xianzhong in Sichuan, he entered Henan, took in the hungry people, opened warehouses to provide relief, and put forward the slogan of equal distribution of land and exemption of taxes. In a short time, his army quickly expanded to tens of thousands of people.

After conquering Yangluo, Li Zicheng killed Emperor Wanli's son, Prince of Fu, Zhu Changxun, and cooked several deer from the backyard with Prince of Fu's meat, calling it a "Fu Lu Banquet" and sharing it with the soldiers. He also issued a notice using the gold, silver, treasures and food supplies confiscated from Prince of Fu's mansion, which greatly shocked the army.

After that, within a year and a half, Li Zicheng besieged the provincial capital Kaifeng three times, and the Weiguo had to turn to attack the city. Li Zicheng was praised as the civil and military marshal of Fengtian Changyi. In 1644 AD, Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor in Xi'an, established Dashun, and prepared to march east to attack the Ming army.

On April 4, the peasant army arrived at Juyongguan, and General Tang Tong surrendered without a fight. After several days of bombardment, Li Zicheng finally captured the capital of the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on Coal Hill, announcing the end of the last Han Dynasty in China. But what Li Zicheng never expected was that he would be forced to leave after only staying in BJ for more than 21 days.

When the Dashun Army first entered Beijing, there were less than 2 soldiers. Li Zicheng ordered that anyone who injured people or looted property and women should be killed without mercy, and order in the capital could still be maintained.

However, as Li Zicheng began to confiscate the property of Ming officials and used torture, the people of Beijing were in a panic. After all this, about 1600 Ming officials were executed, and all their property that they had previously obtained through corruption and extortion was robbed by the Dashun Army.

According to the "Ming Ji Bei Lue", after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he searched the palace for 3700 million ingots of silver, including nearly 1000 million ingots of gold. The government did not use 3700 million ingots this year, and the deposit of 500 taels was all Yongle.

After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, the Dashun Army suddenly went from being penniless to being nouveau riche, and gradually lost their fighting spirit. According to the "Ming Ji Bei Lue", after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he searched out 3700 million ingots of silver from the palace, including nearly 1000 million ingots of gold.

The government will not use 3700 million ingots this year, and the deposit of 500 taels will be from Yongle. After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, the remnants of the disintegrated Ming army sent envoys many times to persuade Wu Sangui, the general of Shanhaiguan, to surrender, but they all failed. Li Zicheng had to lead 10 troops to Shanhaiguan to fight Wu Sangui.

After being defeated in the Battle of Yipanshi, Wu Sangui had no choice but to surrender to the Qing Dynasty's regent Dorgon, and the two armies joined forces to defeat Li Zicheng. After Li Zicheng's defeat, he had to retreat to BJ, but Dorgon would never give Li Zicheng a chance to recover.

He immediately appointed Wu Sangui as the King of Pingxi and sent the Manchurian Eight Banners Army to pursue him. The Qing soldiers did not take off their armor and rode non-stop, marching 300 miles a day. Such actions were something Li Zicheng had never seen before, and the Dashun army was accustomed to the Ming army's procrastinating battles.

Suddenly encountering the murderous Qing army, Li Zicheng was powerless to resist. On April 4, Li Zicheng hastily proclaimed himself emperor in BJ, and the army withdrew from BJ the next day. Li Zicheng stayed in BJ for 29 days.

In 1645, the Qing army attacked Tongguan, and Li Zicheng personally led the Dashun army to attack. The result was a great defeat. On the ninth day of the first lunar month, the red cannons of the Qing army approached Tongguan, and after 13 days of fierce fighting, Tongguan fell.

Li Zicheng planned to march eastward from Changzhou to seize the southeast as a base for anti-Qing resistance, but before the Dashun Army could prepare, the Qing Army launched a surprise attack from both water and land routes, cutting off their route to the east.

Seeing that it was impossible to go east, Li Zicheng turned around and marched southwest, preparing to cross Jiangxi and enter Hunan. When the Dashun Army arrived at Jiugong Mountain in Tongcheng, Hubei, Li Zicheng led more than 20 light cavalrymen to climb the mountain to explore the way, but was killed by local militia armed by Jiang Dayan.

After Li Zicheng was killed in battle, the peasant army was filled with grief and anger, and immediately swept through the Jiugong Mountain area and launched a retaliatory attack on the local people. Li Zicheng died in Tongcheng, Hubei. The remaining Dashun Army respected Li Zicheng as the late emperor, and elected Li Zicheng's nephew Li Guo as the leader, and continued to fight against the Qing army.

[Understand the only heroine included in the official history in one breath - Qin Liangyu Ming Dynasty History Qin Liangyu]

Holding the military order in her sleeves, why should a general be a husband? Qin Liangyu was the spark of the late Ming Dynasty and the only female hero in history who was listed in a separate biography as a famous general of the dynasty.

She was 1 meters tall, heroic and brave, and the white-pole soldiers she trained were feared by the world. Even Huang Taiji was no match for her. She was the ancient female general Qin Liangyu.

Qin Liangyu was born in 1574. She was not born into a military family. Her father, Qin Kui, was a reclusive scholar who was very interested in military tactics. Qin Kui had a very keen observation of the situation and a sense of crisis.

Qin Kui was also very skillful in educating his daughter. He not only taught her the Four Books and Five Classics, poetry and songs, but also taught her the art of war, swordsmanship, and horseback archery. The "Ming History: Biography of Qin Liangyu" records that Qin Liangyu was truly a man of both civil and military talents.

At the age of 21, Qin Liangyu married her husband Ma Qiancheng and began her military career with her husband. The White-Pole Soldiers of the Ma family were a powerful army in the Ming Dynasty at that time, and this type of army was composed of Tujia people.

The white-pole spear they held was made of solid white wood with a long pole, a hook with a blade on the top and a hard iron ring on the bottom, and was named after the white-pole spear they were equipped with. Qin Liangyu's arrival made the white-pole soldiers a powerful force in the southwest.

In 1599, Yang Yinglong rebelled in Bozhou. Ma Qiancheng led 3000 men to follow the general to fight against him, while Qin Liangyu led 500 elite soldiers to escort food and grass. The enemy attacked while the Ming army was having a banquet in the camp. Qin Liangyu and her husband took the lead and repelled them.