sbdcsierra Chapter 338 Annan Protectorate
Chapter 338 Annan Protectorate
In August of the fourth year of Xining in the Song Dynasty, after a series of chaos, Jiaozhi was completely recovered by the Song Dynasty.
In September, the imperial court’s decree finally arrived—the “Annan Protectorate” of the Song Dynasty was officially established!
When talking about the Annan Protectorate, we cannot avoid the Former Tang Dynasty before the Five Dynasties.
After the establishment of the Former Tang Dynasty, in order to strengthen local rule, not only were counties changed into states and local administrative divisions adjusted, but the prefecture system was also gradually established.
The Tang Dynasty's prefectural system was divided into three types according to its form and status: prefecture, governor's office, and protectorate.
The Protectorate was a special administrative agency set up by the Tang Dynasty in the ethnic minority areas on the border. It was divided into the Grand Protectorate and the Upper Protectorate. The Grand Protectorate was of the second rank, and the Upper Protectorate was of the third rank.
The Duhu's duty is to "pacify the vassals and pacify the foreign invaders", and he is responsible for all matters of "pacifying, conquering, recounting merits, and punishing the faults of the surrounding ethnic groups."
As one of the six important protectorates of the Former Tang Dynasty, the Annan Protectorate was the main institution for managing and administering the Jiaozhou region and the southern border areas, and belonged to the Lingnan Road.
In the fifth year of Wude (622), the Tang Dynasty government established the Jiaozhou General Administration Office.
In the seventh year of Wude (624), the Jiaozhou General Administration Office was changed to the Jiaozhou Military Governor's Office.
In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Jiaozhou Military Governor's Office came under the jurisdiction of Lingnan Province.
In the first year of Tiaolu (679), the Jiaozhou Governor's Office was changed to the Annan Protectorate, which was one of the five governorates in Lingnan, with its seat in Songping County (now Hanoi, Vietnam).
The territory extended north to the Nanpan River in Yunnan, south to the borders of Ha Tinh and Quang Binh in Vietnam, east to Napo, Jingxi, Longzhou, Ningming, Fangchenggang, and parts of Dongxing in Guangxi, and west to the area between the Red River and the Black River in Vietnam. The Protector General was concurrently the Governor of Jiaozhou.
In the second year of Zhide (757), it was renamed Zhennan Protectorate.
In the second year of Yongtai (760), it was renamed Annan Protectorate.
After Tianbao, Nanzhao became powerful and gradually took over the area south of the Nanpan River in Yunnan, roughly in the middle of Kaicheng, Huichang and Da, which is roughly the boundary between the current Yunnan Province and the Annan Protectorate.
In December of the first year of Xiantong (860), the capital was captured by Nanzhao, but was recovered soon after; in February of the fourth year (863), it was captured again; in June, the Protectorate was abolished and the Jiaozhou was established in Haimen Town (now northwest of Haiphong, Vietnam); in July, the Protectorate was re-established in the Jiaozhou.
In the seventh year (866), the old capital of Annan was recaptured, the Protectorate was moved to its old location, and the Jinghai Army was established in the Protectorate. Annan City was rebuilt, and the Jiedushi concurrently served as the Protectorate. This system remained in effect throughout the Tang Dynasty.
During the Five Dynasties period, the Jiedushi of Jinghai Army was a local chieftain, and was a vassal of the Southern Han.
In the fourth year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (the twelfth year of Dayu in the Southern Han Dynasty, 939), Wu Quan launched an army and defeated the Southern Han Dynasty, which was later abandoned.
At this point, the Annan Protectorate, which lasted for 317 years from the early Tang Dynasty to the Later Jin Dynasty, ended its historical process.
It was not until 1406 that the Ming army attacked Annan and took Jiaozhi again. The following year, the Ming Dynasty established the Jiaozhi Provincial Administration.
Annan officially became an administrative region of the Ming Dynasty, with 15 prefectures, 41 states, and 208 counties, with a total population of 3.12 million.
In 1427, the Ming Dynasty abolished the Jiaozhi Provincial Administration and abandoned Annan. Annan once again broke away from China and established the Later Le Dynasty.
After this, Annan Jiaozhi and the Central Plains dynasty were in a tributary relationship, which lasted until the Qing Dynasty and never returned to the rule of the Huaxia dynasty.
In this time and space, the landlord ruling class of the Song Dynasty, represented by Emperor Shenzong, perfectly demonstrated the execution ability of the emerging class.
As for the lands that could be recovered, they spared no effort to promote the "theory of the inherent nature of China", believing that the Song Dynasty was merely on the path of revival of its ancestors.
In a nutshell: If the Tang Dynasty could do it, why can't the Song Dynasty?!
From 939 to 1071, a total of years, the Central Plains dynasty once again extended its hand into the Jiaozhi region. Following the Former Tang Dynasty, the "Annan Protectorate" of the Song Dynasty was established!
When the news spread, people all over the country were excited, not only because they had won the battle, but also because they had land to cultivate again.
Their next task was to go to the government to apply for land reclamation documents, and then receive farm tools and seeds. A few people or the whole family would go south to Jiaozhi to happily farm.
The government has a clear regulation that anyone who voluntarily goes to new land to open up wasteland will not only be given agricultural tools and seeds for free, but will also be exempted from taxes for three years, and all grain produced from the land will be owned by the individual.
If you give up within three years, your farm tools and seeds will be taken back, taxes will only be exempted for one year, and more than half of the land and grain will have to be handed over to the government.
Under this policy of reward and punishment, ordinary people who should have been trapped in their local area began to look for jobs and businesses in farming outside.
For a time, people from all over the country were mobilized. They left their homelands and went to new places to open up land and harvest.
They promoted the development of new transportation industries and road projects, making exchanges between the north and the south more frequent.
Since the Jin Dynasty moved south and the Anshi Rebellion, the south has shown signs of rising.
With the help of the conquest of Jiaozhi and the reclamation of land, the south was further developed, and the Lingnan region became a gathering place for people from the south for a time.
In addition, the Song Dynasty recovered Jiaozhi and officially extended its reach into the Indochina Peninsula. Neighboring countries, especially Champa and Zhenla, began to engage in commercial trade with the Song Dynasty.
The ports in the Panyu area were bustling with people every day, with ships coming and going in an endless stream, which greatly stimulated the rise of commerce in the Lingnan area.
Following the restoration of the Liangzhou Silk Road, the Silk Road in the southern seas also began its glory.
With the Song Dynasty as the center, trade in the entire East Asia reached a historical high.
In just ten years, the court's tax collection was improved and began to save money.
This allowed the Sansi Yamen headed by Wang Jiefu to finally recover, and after a short rest, they began the national planning for the next quarter.
During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, part of the local expenditure was left to their own control.
In the early days, it was just a reward as part of the official reward and punishment system, but now it has finally unleashed its power.
In addition to paying fixed taxes, local governments reserved the surplus for investment in local people's livelihood.
These include city repairs, neighborhood reorganization and expansion, road projects, water conservancy projects, agricultural product processing and other aspects related to people's livelihood.
This made the common people who had just escaped the brink of life and death gradually feel a sense of belonging, and the internal conflicts of the Song Dynasty were alleviated to a considerable extent.
For a time, the sea was calm and the river was peaceful, and the scene of peace and order filled the Song Dynasty inside and outside.
. . . . . .
The first Grand Protector of Annan Protectorate was Zhao Xie, a man who was a bit stubborn at heart.
It was also at the military meeting after the "Battle of Beijiang" that he openly opposed the orders of the court and the Southern Army's Supreme Command.
So much so that after the war, the imperial court wanted to directly recall Zhao Xie and abandon him.
But in the end, with the help of Han, Zhao Xie was able to serve as the first Protector-General of Annan after the "Song-Yue War".
His first task was to appease the people in the entire Jiaozhi area and quickly restore local production and construction.
Unfortunately, after experiencing the "Battle of Bac Giang", "Battle of Thang Long City" and "Mystery of Misty Ridge", nearly 30% of the personnel in Jiaozhi were lost.
Of course, this is just temporary data reported from below. The exact number of people who died in these three incidents can only be known after the entire framework of the Protectorate is completed and the census begins.
However, the only thing that is clear is that after this "Song-Yue War", almost half of the adult males in the Jiaozhi area were lost, and a large number of women and children were left homeless.
In order to balance and stabilize the area, the Protectorate and the Southern Army Supreme Command introduced new policies.
"All single, divorced, or widowed soldiers, provided they are not tied to any country and with the consent of local women in Jiaozhi, can form new families with certificates issued by the Southern Army and the Protectorate."
This point gave the bachelors of the Southern Army an outlet to vent their emotions.
Of course, except for the Central Imperial Guards, most of them are good families living in the capital area and have a stable life.
Among the more than 40,000 people recruited from the Lingnan region and the logistics support troops, many had difficulties in marriage.
This solved the problem of a large number of bachelors and quickly calmed the area down.
After all, a large number of men from the Central Plains settled in Jiaozhi, completing the personnel conversion and the change of offense and defense, so there was still unrest.
These soldiers will become the first batch of troops of the Annan Protectorate and the core of the subsequent army to ensure the safety of the entire Jiaozhi.
Later, the court promoted Li Changjie to the position of Deputy Grand Protector of Annan Protectorate, and as Zhao Xie's deputy, he jointly developed and managed Jiaozhi.
With the cooperation of Zhao Xie, a "Confucian traditional moderate", and Li Changjie, a "Giao Chi local", Jiao Chi also began to integrate into the Central Plains dynasty.
Until modern times a thousand years later, Vietnam was not separated from the Western powers despite all the soft and hard tactics they used.
Vietnam is an inseparable part of China and is engraved in the hearts of every Chinese.
The Annan Protectorate was also preserved until the founding of the People's Republic of China, when it was abolished by the government and changed into a provincial-level division, disappearing in the long river of history...